常见的金属离子,都可以通过以氢氧化物的形式沉淀下来,具体可参考下表。
氢氧化物 | 开始沉淀的pH | 沉淀完全时pH (残留离子浓度 <10-5mol/L时) | 沉淀开始溶解时pH | 沉淀完全溶解时pH |
初始浓度 |
1mol/L | 0.01mol/L |
Sn(OH)4 | 0 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 13.0 | 15.0 |
Sn(OH)2 | 0 | 0.5 | 2.0 | – | – |
TiO(OH)2 | 0.9 | 2.1 | 4.7 | 10.0 | 13.5 |
ZrO(OH)2 | 1.3 | 2.3 | 3.8 | – | – |
HgO | 1.3 | 2.4 | 5.0 | 11.5 | – |
Fe(OH)3 | 1.5 | 2.3 | 4.1 | 14 | – |
Al(OH)3 | 3.3 | 4.0 | 5.2 | 7.8 | 10.8 |
Cr(OH)3 | 4 | 4.9 | 6.8 | 12.0 | 15.0 |
Be(OH)2 | 5.2 | 6.2 | 8.8 | – | – |
Zn(OH)2 | 5.4 | 6.4 | 8.0 | 10.5 | 12.0-13.0 |
Ag2O | 6.2 | 8.2 | 11.2 | 12.7 | – |
Fe(OH)2 | 6.5 | 7.5 | 9.7 | 13.5 | – |
Co(OH)2 | 6.6 | 7.6 | 9.2 | 14.0 | – |
Ni(OH)2 | 6.7 | 7.7 | 9.5 | | – |
Cd(OH)2 | 7.2 | 8.2 | 9.7 | | – |
Mn(OH)2 | 7.8 | 8.8 | 10.4 | | – |
Mg(OH)2 | 9.4 | 10.4 | 12.4 | 14.0 | – |
Pb(OH)2 | – | 7.2 | 8.7 | – | 13.0 |
Ce(OH)4 | – | 0.8 | 1.2 | 10.0 | – |
Th(OH)4 | – | 0.5 | – | – | – |
Tl(OH)3 | – | 0.6 | 1.6 | – | – |
H2WO4 | – | 0 | 0.0 | – | – |
H2Mo4 | – | – | – | | |
稀土元素 | – | 6.8-8.5 | 9.5 | – | – |
H2UO4 | – | 3.6 | 5.1 | – | – |